In the world of international shipping, ensuring cargo safety and compliance with regulations is paramount. One crucial aspect of this process is the Verified Gross Mass (VGM). Introduced as part of the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) convention amendments in 2016, VGM has become a mandatory requirement for shippers. Understanding what VGM is and how to calculate it correctly is essential for smooth shipping operations and avoiding costly delays.
What Is Verified Gross Mass (VGM)?
Verified Gross Mass (VGM) refers to the total weight of a packed shipping container. It includes the weight of the goods inside the container, the packing materials, and the tare weight (the container’s own weight). This figure must be accurately declared by the shipper before the container is loaded onto a vessel.
The primary purpose of VGM is to prevent accidents caused by overloaded containers or inaccurate weight declarations. Overweight containers can lead to vessel instability, cargo damage, and serious safety risks for crew members.
Why Is VGM Important?
- Compliance with SOLAS Regulations: The SOLAS convention requires shippers to provide VGM before loading. Failing to comply can result in containers being denied loading.
- Safety Assurance: Accurate VGM prevents mishaps during handling and transport, reducing risks for port workers and crew members.
- Efficient Operations: Providing accurate VGM ensures smoother cargo handling, optimal stowage planning, and timely delivery.
How to Calculate VGM
There are two approved methods for calculating VGM:
Method 1: Weighing the Packed Container
This method involves weighing the fully packed container using a calibrated and certified weighing device. The process includes:
- Loading all goods and packing materials into the container.
- Sealing the container.
- Weighing the sealed container at an authorized weighing station.
Method 2: Calculating Individual Components
This method calculates the VGM by adding the weights of:
- The cargo, including all packaging and dunnage materials.
- The tare weight of the container (usually listed on the container door).
The formula is:
VGM = Weight of Goods + Weight of Packaging + Tare Weight of Container
Tips for Accurate VGM Calculation
- Use Certified Equipment: Ensure that weighing devices are calibrated and certified as per local and international standards.
- Maintain Accurate Records: Keep detailed records of weight measurements and calculations for audit and compliance purposes.
- Verify Tare Weight: Double-check the container’s tare weight as it may vary slightly over time due to wear or modifications.
- Collaborate with Partners: Work closely with logistics providers, freight forwarders, and terminal operators to streamline the VGM submission process.
Submitting VGM
The shipper is responsible for submitting the VGM to the carrier and terminal operator in a timely manner. Most carriers require the VGM to be provided electronically, often via shipping portals or Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) systems. The submission should include:
- Container number
- Verified Gross Mass
- Signature (can be electronic) of the shipper or authorized representative
Consequences of Non-Compliance
Failure to provide an accurate VGM can lead to:
- Containers being excluded from loading.
- Fines or penalties from regulatory authorities.
- Delays and additional costs for storage and handling.
Common Challenges and Solutions
- Inaccurate Weighing: Use certified scales and cross-check measurements to avoid errors.
- Last-Minute Changes: Submit VGM as early as possible to account for any unforeseen changes.
- Coordination Issues: Establish clear communication protocols with all stakeholders involved in the shipping process.
Conclusion
Understanding and accurately calculating the Verified Gross Mass (VGM) is a critical responsibility for shippers in the global supply chain. By adhering to SOLAS regulations and ensuring precise weight declarations, businesses can enhance safety, prevent delays, and maintain compliance. Whether using Method 1 or Method 2, investing in reliable equipment and robust processes is key to efficient shipping operations.
